čipka

A self-supporting, mostly openwork (translucent) knitted, tied, or woven textile. Its function was to edge, reinforce, and protect the borders of textiles, join individual fabric pieces within a garment, or create flexible and airy sections in textiles (such as inserts in bonnets, shirts, etc., allowing ventilation of covered parts of the body), or to form standalone textile pieces (collars, bands, etc.). In Slovakia, bobbin lace existed in the greatest variety of local and regional forms. Lace was also made by knitting on frames, with knitting needles, crocheting, and crocheting on a fork. Knotted lace included knotted fringes, frivolité, and netted textiles. Woven lace was produced either on a small board (e.g., ribbons called “lace” with loops on one edge, woven from the late 19th century in villages near Ilava and sewn onto bonnets), or on looms (lace fabric woven from the mid-20th century in eastern Slovakia using openwork and gauze weaving techniques). By combining knitting, knotting, and embroidery techniques, stitched lace was created.