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Glass fiber is an inorganic material produced by melting and subsequently drawing a carefully selected mixture of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and other components into fine filaments with a diameter of about 3–15 micrometers. The earliest recorded use of glass threads dates back to Ancient Egypt, while industrial production began in the second half of the 19th century in Vienna (used for wigs and veils). A major breakthrough came in the 1930s in the United States with the development of glass wool manufacturing. The modern production process involves melting raw materials in a furnace and extruding them through spinnerets, after which a sizing coating is applied to the fibers to increase flexibility, reduce brittleness, and facilitate further textile processing. The resulting glass fibers are then spun into yarns and woven into fabrics or processed into nonwoven textiles. In the textile industry, they are used for high-performance technical fabrics with excellent strength, heat resistance, non-flammability, and chemical stability. Applications include insulation materials, composite reinforcement, filtration systems, protective clothing, and various specialized or decorative uses. Thanks to their unique combination of strength, rigidity, and fire resistance, glass fibers are among the most important technical textile materials of the 20th and 21st centuries.