Latex

Latex is an elastic material of either natural or synthetic origin. Natural latex is a milky white sap obtained from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), while synthetic latex is produced through the polymerisation of hydrocarbons. Its history dates back to the pre-Columbian civilisations of South America. In Europe, latex became established from the 18th century onward, with mass industrial use expanding after the invention of vulcanisation around 1839. Natural latex is obtained by tapping the bark of rubber trees, allowing the latex to flow into collection containers, after which it is cleaned and often vulcanised to improve its properties. In the textile industry, latex is used in the production of elastic garments, gloves, medical and fashion accessories, footwear, and textile coatings. It is commonly applied to increase elasticity, water resistance, and to create special visual or functional effects, particularly in sportswear and printed fabrics. Latex materials are valued for their flexibility, durability, and hygienic properties, while their natural origin also contributes to growing interest in environmentally conscious textile materials.