Linen cloth

Linen fabric (linen cloth) is a classic woven textile made from bast fibers of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum), and it is considered one of the oldest and most durable textile materials in the world. Its history dates back to the Stone Age, with archaeological findings in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Europe, where flax was used as a primary material for clothing, bandages, table linens, and sails. The production of linen fabric involves harvesting flax stems, followed by retting (soaking), drying, breaking, scutching, and hackling the fibers. These fibers are then spun into yarn and woven—most commonly in a plain weave—resulting in a uniform fabric with a smooth surface and natural sheen. Linen fabric is extremely strong, breathable, highly absorbent, naturally antibacterial, quick-drying, and antistatic. With good processing, it becomes soft and smooth and develops a characteristic patina over time. In the textile industry, it is used for both traditional and modern clothing (shirts, trousers, dresses, coats), bed linen, tablecloths, towels, artist canvases, technical textiles, and home décor products. Its key advantages include ecological origin, durability, a healthy microclimate, and full biodegradability.