Cotton-linen yarn

Cotton–linen yarn is a blended textile yarn produced by combining fibers of cotton (Gossypium) and flax (Linum usitatissimum), typically in ratios such as 80/20 or 60/40 depending on the desired properties. By combining the softness of cotton with the strength of flax, the resulting yarn achieves high breathability, good moisture absorption, a soft hand feel, and strong abrasion resistance. Its history dates back to the medieval “fustian” textiles, where these fibers were mixed mainly for economic reasons and to improve the mechanical performance of fabrics. Processing includes careful pre-treatment of both fiber types, precise blending, carding or mixing, spinning on yarn machines, and subsequent finishing such as surface treatments or bleaching. Modern technologies may also use enzymatic treatment of flax fibers to improve softness, uniformity, and dyeability of the blend. In the textile industry, cotton–linen yarn is used for summer clothing, bed linen, tablecloths, workwear, and decorative fabrics due to its comfort, absorbency, and natural origin. It is biodegradable, requires less water than pure cotton production, and is considered a more sustainable alternative in modern textile manufacturing.