spinning
Manual spinning is a traditional textile technology in which loose fibers are drawn out, aligned, and twisted into a continuous thread. The process is based on the gradual drafting and twisting of fibers, resulting in a durable and flexible yarn suitable for further textile production and processing. Spun yarn historically served as the fundamental material for weaving, knitting, looping, knotting, and other textile techniques.
The production of thread was carried out using simple spinning tools and devices, most commonly the spindle, spindle wheel, and later the spinning wheel. In the territory of present-day Slovakia, spinning on a spindle was already practiced during the Neolithic period. Until approximately the 14th century, craft production predominantly used spindle wheels, while wing spinning wheels gradually spread from the end of the 16th century onward. During spinning, fibers were typically twisted in a clockwise direction (Z-twist), while counterclockwise twisting (S-twist) occurred less frequently.
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