Wool

Wool is a natural textile fibre obtained primarily from the fleece of sheep, but also from goats, camels, rabbits, and other animals. Its history dates back to the Neolithic period—sheep were domesticated and wool was used for clothing more than 10,000 years ago in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India. Wool reached its greatest importance during the Middle Ages, when it became the foundation of the European textile industry, particularly in England and Italy. Processing includes shearing, washing, carding or combing, sometimes carbonisation (removal of impurities using acid), followed by spinning, weaving, or knitting. Wool is distinguished by its unique fibre structure—individual fibres are naturally crimped and elastic, capable of absorbing up to 30% of their weight in moisture without feeling wet, while providing excellent thermal insulation and hygienic properties. In the textile industry, wool is used to manufacture high-quality garments such as coats, sweaters, hats, and scarves, as well as home textiles including blankets and carpets, technical textiles, and artistic products. Fine fibres such as Merino wool and cashmere are especially valued. Wool is renewable, biodegradable, and recyclable, making it an important material in sustainable fashion.